Resettable clip applier and reset tools

ABSTRACT

An apparatus for closing a wall of a body lumen to deploy a closure element. The apparatus comprises a resettable triggering system which may be slideably moved within a housing to advance a carrier assembly and/or locating assembly, and which deploys the closure element. Upon deployment of a closure element, the carrier assembly may be positioned in a distal position and locked in place within a housing. The lock may be effected by a flexible snap fit interlocking feature which is selectively releasable. Release of the locking feature may be performed by externally insertable tools which engage the flexible snap fit and release the interlocking features. The triggering system may also include a catch which is released upon deployment of a closure element. The catch can be reset to allow the triggering system to be re-engaged into a pre-deployment condition and position.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application, Ser. No. 60/793,444, filed Apr. 20, 2006 and entitled “CLIP APPLIER AND METHOS OF USE”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This application also incorporates by reference U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/356,214, 10/638,115, and 11/427,297 in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to apparatus and methods for closing and/or sealing openings through tissue, and more particularly to apparatus for deploying a closure element for closing a puncture in a blood vessel or other body lumen formed during a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure, and tools and methods for resetting the apparatus to a pre-deployment state.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Catheterization and interventional procedures, such as angioplasty or stenting, generally are performed by inserting a hollow needle through a patient's skin and tissue into the vascular system. A guide wire may be advanced through the needle and into the patients blood vessel accessed by the needle. The needle is then removed, enabling an introducer sheath to be advanced over the guide wire into the vessel, e.g., in conjunction with or subsequent to a dilator.

A catheter or other device may then be advanced through a lumen of the introducer sheath and over the guide wire into a position for performing a medical procedure. Thus, the introducer sheath may facilitate introducing various devices into the vessel, while minimizing trauma to the vessel wall and/or minimizing blood loss during a procedure.

Upon completing the procedure, the devices and introducer sheath would be removed, leaving a puncture site in the vessel wall. Traditionally, external pressure would be applied to the puncture site until clotting and wound sealing occur, however, the patient must remain bedridden for a substantial period of time after clotting to ensure closure of the wound. This procedure, however, may be time consuming and expensive, requiring as much as an hour of a physicians or nurses time. It is also uncomfortable for the patient, and requires that the patient remain immobilized in the operating room, catheter lab, or holding area. In addition, a risk of hematoma exists from bleeding before hemostasis occurs.

Various apparatus have been suggested for percutaneously sealing a vascular puncture by occluding the puncture site. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,192,302 and 5,222,974, issued to Kensey et al., describe the use of a biodegradable plug that may be delivered through an introducer sheath into a puncture site. Another technique has been suggested that involves percutaneously suturing the puncture site, such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,304,184, issued to Hathaway et al.

Increasingly, more sophisticated apparatus are being developed to position a vascular closure device and percutaneously sealing the vascular puncture. For instance, “bleed back” indicators have been suggested for use as positioning devices that are percutaneously inserted into a blood vessel. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,676,974, issued to Kensey et al., discloses a bleed back lumen intended to facilitate positioning of a biodegradable plug within a puncture site. This device, however, requires that an anchor of the plug be positioned within the vessel, and therefore, may increase the risk of over-advancement of the plug itself into the vessel.

Alternatively, U.S. Pat. No. 5,674,231, issued to Green et al., discloses a deployable loop that may be advanced through a sheath into a vessel. The loop is intended to resiliently expand to engage the inner wall of the vessel, thereby facilitating holding the sheath in a desired location with respect to the vessel.

In still another example, U.S. Patent Publication No. 20040153123,applied for by Palermo et al., describes an apparatus that includes a plurality of expansion members that selectively engage the inner wall of the vessel. A triggering system is then used to release and deploy an expandable closure element which engages the vessel wall and closes the access site. This device is configured for a single-use and locks a sheath and the triggering system in place such that it cannot be re-used. Additionally, because the device becomes locked during use, it cannot later be reused or used to demonstrate how to use the device.

Accordingly, apparatus and methods for delivering a device for closing a vascular puncture site or other opening through tissue would be useful. Additionally, it would be beneficial to have a delivery device that can be easily reset so as to be re-used or used for demonstration purposes. Additionally, apparatus for resetting a delivery device without requiring the delivery device to be broken apart after each use or demonstration would also be beneficial.

BRIEF SUMMARY

The present invention is directed towards a resettable apparatus for delivering a closure element through tissue and into an opening formed in, or adjacent to, a wall of a blood vessel or other body lumen of any size, and methods and tools for resetting the delivery device. The apparatus can be configured to receive and retain the closure element so that the closure element can be disposed substantially within the apparatus. Thereby, when the apparatus is introduced via an introducer sheath, for example, the closure element can be disposed within and delivered by way of a lumen of the introducer sheath. The apparatus can also be configured to engage the blood vessel wall adjacent to the opening and to position the closure element substantially adjacent to an outer surface of the blood vessel wall adjacent to the opening.

When properly positioned, the apparatus can be activated to distally deploy the closure element. During deployment, the apparatus can be configured to substantially uniformly expand the closure element beyond a natural cross-section of the closure element such that the closure element, when deployed, can be configured to engage the blood vessel wall and/or tissue. Engaging the blood vessel wall and/or tissue, the closure element can be further configured to return to the natural cross-section. Thereby, the engaged blood vessel wall and/or tissue are drawn substantially closed and/or sealed, such that, for example, hemostasis within the opening can be enhanced.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a delivery device can also be resettable so as to allow the device to be reused or, for a single use device, used as a demonstration piece for displaying the manner in which the device is used to deploy a closure element. A delivery device which would otherwise be locked in place after deployment of a closure element, can thus be reused and need not be discarded. The apparatus can include a locator assembly which has a distal end region configured to extend into an opening formed in a wall of a body lumen and selectably contact the wall of the lumen. A carrier assembly may also be coupled to the locating assembly and retain the closure element. Further, a resettable triggering system may be coupled to and extend from the carrier assembly. In some embodiments, the triggering system can be movable toward the distal end of the locator assembly and can be configured to advance the carrier assembly in the same direction.

The locator assembly may be selectively controllable to adjust the distal end of the locator assembly between expanded and unexpanded states. The locator assembly, carrier assembly and triggering system may further be received within a housing. In some embodiments, the apparatus may also include a flexible snap fit for locking the triggering system with respect to the housing. The flexible snap fit can also be chamfered to allow it to be selectively released as the triggering system is moved toward the proximal end region. Alternatively, or in addition thereto, the housing may include openings allowing an external reset tool to release the flexible snap fit.

An introducer sheath used in connection with the delivery device may also be received and/or locked into the housing. A locking mechanism such as a flexible snap fit may be used. In some cases the triggering system may include a slider that locks the triggering system in place, a pusher member that deploys a closure element, and a catch that retains the pusher member such that it abuts or is proximate to the slider. If the catch is released, the pusher member can then become spaced apart from the slider. Further, a cover member may be included within the delivery device. The cover member may include a cover block that can be spaced from the pusher member. In some embodiments the housing may include an opening for receiving a spacer that is externally inserted and which maintains a space between the pusher member and the cover block. Further, an opening may be formed in the housing which can be aligned with the catch when the catch is in a distal-most position, and which can be used to re-engage the catch with the pusher member.

A method for resetting a closure element delivery device is also described herein. In some cases the delivery device is a single-use device. The method may include taking delivery or otherwise obtaining a delivery device that includes a triggering system locked in a distal, post-deployment position. The triggering system may include a slider that is coupled to a pusher member. The triggering system can be unlocked from the post-deployment position and the pusher member locked into a pre-deployment position proximate to, or abutting, the slider. The triggering system can then be moved to its proximal, pre-deployment position.

In some embodiments, unlocking the triggering system can include moving the triggering system in a proximal direction. Additionally, locking the pusher member may include inserting a spacer into a housing receiving the triggering system and causing a catch to engage the slider and the pusher member. Locking the pusher member may also include moving the triggering system in a distal direction to the post-deployment position before causing the catch to engage the slider and pusher member. To cause the catch to engage the slider and pusher member, a pin may be inserted into an opening in the housing in a way that pushes the catch into position against the slider and pusher member. The method may also include unlocking a locked introducer sheath from the housing of the delivery device.

A tool for resetting a vascular closure element delivery device is also described and may include a plurality of cooperating release pins that are configured to extend through the housing of the delivery device to substantially simultaneously unlock two or more flexible snap fits. The flexible snap fits may lock, for example, a triggering system or an introducer sheath within the housing of the delivery device. In one embodiment, the release pins pivot to unlock the snap fits, such that as a proximal end of a release pin is moved in one direction, the distal end of the release pin moves in the opposite direction. Alternatively, the release pins may be fixed in place. Additionally, the release pins may be tapered such that as the release pins engage the snap fits, the taper causes the snap fits to unlock.

The release pins may be coupled to or received within a housing. The housing may include a spacer slot which receives a spacer block that can be configured to be inserted into the delivery device to maintain the proper spacing between a pusher member and a cover member. The reset housing may also be contoured to match the contour of the delivery device. Accordingly, as the reset pins are inserted into the housing, the contour of the housing mates with the contour of the delivery device. In addition, the reset device may include a catch pin that can be configured to extend through the housing and lock a catch within the housing.

Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent from consideration of the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and features of the invention can be obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1A illustrates an assembly view of the components of one embodiment according to the present invention for closing openings in blood vessel walls.

FIG. 1B illustrates another assembly view of the components of one embodiment according to the present invention for closing openings in blood vessel walls.

FIG. 2 illustrates the assembled carrier assembly and triggering assembly of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.

FIG. 3A illustrates a close-up view of the proximal end of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 3B illustrates a close-up view of the distal end of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 in an unexpanded state.

FIG. 3C illustrates a close-up view of the distal end of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 in an expanded state.

FIG. 4 illustrates the apparatus of FIG. 2 after distal advancement of the locator assembly, the triggering system and the carrier assembly.

FIG. 5 illustrates a close-up view of the triggering system and carrier assembly of the apparatus shown in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 illustrates the apparatus of FIG. 1A-1B after the clip has been released to close the opening in the tissue.

FIG. 7 illustrates a close-up view of the triggering system and carrier assembly of the apparatus of FIG. 1A-1B after the clip has been released to close the opening in the tissue.

FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional schematic view of the distal end of the apparatus shown in FIG. 4 as assembled for deployment.

FIGS. 9A-9G illustrate various embodiments of closure elements that can be utilized with the apparatus of the present invention.

FIGS. 10A-10K illustrate various steps in the deployment of embodiments of the present invention.

FIGS. 11A-11C illustrate a distal end region of an exemplary apparatus for closing openings in blood vessel walls after deployment of a closure element, and in various stages of resetting the apparatus to a pre-deployment condition, according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 11D illustrates a proximal end region of the exemplary apparatus of FIGS. 11A-C in a reset, pre-deployment condition.

FIGS. 12A-12B illustrate an exemplary reset tool for resetting an apparatus for closing openings in blood vessel walls, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a rest tool for resetting an apparatus to a pre-deployment condition.

FIGS. 14A-16B illustrate various lock fit features which may be present in a resettable apparatus, and the manner in which they can be externally released.

FIG. 17 illustrates a top housing portion of an apparatus for closing blood vessel walls which can facilitate use of the tools of FIGS. 12 and 13 to reset a the apparatus, according to one embodiment of the invention.

It should be noted that the figures are not drawn to scale and that elements of similar structures or functions are generally represented by like reference numerals for illustrative purposes throughout the figures. It also should be noted that the figures are only intended to facilitate the description of embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The embodiments described herein extend to methods, systems, and apparatus for closing and/or sealing openings in a blood vessel or other body lumen formed during a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure, and/or methods, systems, and apparatus for resetting a delivery device used to close and/or seal such openings. The delivery device apparatuses of the present invention are configured to deliver a closure element through tissue and into an opening formed in and/or adjacent to a wall of a blood vessel or other body lumen. The reset tool apparatus of the present invention are configured to reset all or a part of a delivery device before, during or after installation of a closure element by a delivery device.

Since current apparatuses for sealing openings formed in blood vessel walls can snag tissue adjacent to the openings during positioning and may not provide an adequate seal, an apparatus that is configured to prevent inadvertent tissue contact during positioning and to engage tissue adjacent to the opening can prove much more desirable and provide a basis for a wide range of medical applications, such as diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures involving blood vessels or other body lumens of any size. Further, since current apparatuses for sealing openings formed in blood vessel walls are typically single-use devices that are not easily resettable for use—either re-use or as a demonstration piece—an apparatus that can be easily reset without disassembly of the delivery device and thereafter used to deliver a closure element or to demonstrate the manner in which the delivery device operates to deliver a closure element, can prove desirable and beneficial to the medical arts. These results, whether individually or collectively, can be achieved, according to one embodiment of the present invention, by employing an apparatus as shown in the figures and described in detail below.

As will be discussed in more detail below, the apparatuses of the present invention are configured to deliver a closure element through tissue and into an opening formed in and/or adjacent to a wall of a blood vessel or other body lumen. The apparatus can be configured to receive and retain a closure element such that the closure element can be disposed substantially within the apparatus. The apparatuses in accordance with the present invention generally include a handle portion having a proximal end and a distal end, a locator and clip delivery assembly extending from the distal end of the handle portion, and a locator actuator disposed at the proximal end of the handle portion.

Referring now to FIGS. 1A and 1B, an exploded assembly view of one closure apparatus is shown in accordance with the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the apparatus can include a housing that receives or retains a plurality of tubular members. The tubular members can be concentrically disposed within the housing of the device, with each tubular member having an associated block member fixedly attached to the proximal end thereof. The block members can be configured to interact with each other as well as with features of the housing, such as through movement of a triggering system. The interaction of the tubular members, the blocks, and the triggering system will be described in greater detail below. Also described below will be additional details regarding the housing and the manner by which the housing can be modified or formed to allow the closure apparatus, as including the triggering system, to be reset to a pre-deployment position.

With continued reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B, apparatus 100 can be provided as one or more integrated components and/or discrete components that may be retained within a housing 102, having a housing top half 380 c and a housing bottom half 380 d. For example, apparatus 100 can include a locator assembly 110 and a carrier assembly 120. For purposes of illustration, locator assembly 110 and carrier assembly 120 are shown in FIG. 1A as comprising substantially separate assemblies. As desired, however, locator assembly 110 and carrier assembly 120 each can be provided, in whole or in part, as one or more integrated assemblies.

Turning to FIGS. 1A-2, 4, and 6, assembly 110 can include a locator assembly 200. This locator assembly 200 can include flexible or semi-rigid tubular body 210 (such as an elongate rail) with a longitudinal axis. Tubular body 210 can have a proximal end region 210 a and a distal end region 210 b and can include a predetermined length and a predetermined outer cross-section, both of which can be of any suitable dimension. Distal end region 210 b of locator assembly 200, as shown in more detail in FIGS. 3B and 3C, can include a substantially rounded, soft, and/or flexible distal end or tip 220 to facilitate advancement and/or retraction of distal end region 210 b into a blood vessel or other opening in tissue. As desired, a pigtail (not shown) may be provided on tip 220 to further aid atraumatic advancement of distal end region 210 b.

Distal end region 210 b of locator assembly 200 is selectably controllable between an unexpanded state, as shown in FIG. 3B, and an expanded state, as shown in FIG. 3C. As shown in FIG. 3B, when an expansion end 230 is in an unexpanded state, substantially flexible members 232 are substantially axially aligned with locator assembly 200. Alternatively, when expansion end 230 is in an expanded as state, substantially flexible members 232 are flexed outward.

When substantially flexible members 232 are substantially axially aligned with locator assembly 200, they can be inserted through an opening in a body lumen. As described with respect to FIGS. 10A-F, for example, locator assembly 200 can be inserted through an introducer sheath into a bodily lumen such as a blood vessel. Apparatus 100 may, therefore, be adapted for selective use with an introducer sheath.

As illustrated in FIG. 1A, an introducer sheath 150 may optionally be used in connection with apparatus 100. To facilitate use of introducer sheath 150 with apparatus 100, housing top half 380 c includes a pair of flexible arms 383 a, 383 bwhich act as a snap-fit to engage and lock introducer sheath 640 into distal end 380 b of housing 380. For example, introducer sheath 640 may be inserted into an opening on the distal end of housing 380. As introducer sheath 640 is moved proximally into the opening, the proximal end region 641 a of introducer sheath 640 can engage flexible arms 383 a, 383 b, causing them to expand outward.

A groove 642 may also be formed around all or a portion of the circumference of the proximal end region 641 a of sheath 640. The diameter of sheath 640 at groove 642 is less than the distance between the ends of flexible arms 383 a, 383 b in an unexpanded state. As a result, when proximal end region 641 a is inserted into housing 380 and flexible arms 383 a, 383 b are aligned with groove 642, flexible arms 383 a, 383 b can extend inward and lock into place inside groove 642, thereby selectively securing introducer sheath 640 to apparatus 100. Windows 384 a, 384 b (FIG. 1A) may also be formed in housing bottom half 383 d which expose flexible arms 383 a, 383 b, thereby allowing the physician or clinician to visually determine when the introducer sheath is locked into place.

Returning to FIG. 1B, a control member 250, such as a rod, wire, or other elongate member, may be moveably disposed within a lumen (not shown) formed by tubular body 210 and extending substantially between the proximal end region 210 a and distal end region 210 b. Control member 250 may have proximal end region 250 a coupled with a control block 260, and a distal end region 250 b coupled with distal end region 210 b of locator assembly 200, expansion end 230, and/or the movable end regions of substantially flexible members 232. Control block 260 may be formed of a metal or rigid plastic in a tubular, cubic, or prismatic shape, and may be adapted to be retained in control block cavity 265 formed on the internal surface of housing bottom half 380 d, to thereby maintain control block 260 in a substantially fixed position relative to the housing 380. By moving tubular body 210 axially relative to control member 250, the distal end region 210 b, expansion end 230, and/or the substantially flexible members 232 (FIG. 3B), are selectively transitioned between the unexpanded and expanded states.

With reference to FIG. 3A, a tubular body block 270 may have a proximal groove 271 formed on or otherwise coupled to proximal end region 210 a of tubular body 210. Tubular body block 270 may be formed of metal, rigid plastic, or other substantially rigid material and may be formed integrally with or attached securely to tubular body 210. Proximal groove 271 and the proximal end of tubular body block 270 may have a shape adapted to cooperate with a pair of tabs 279 a, 279 b formed on a locator assembly block 280, whereby tubular body block 270 may be maintained in a fixed axial relationship with the locator assembly block 280. In this way, tubular body block 270 and tubular body 210 (FIG. 1B) may advance distally by distal advancement of locator assembly block 280.

A locator assembly spring 290 may be located coaxially with and may as substantially surround a portion of tubular body block 270. Locator assembly spring 290 may be located between and in contact with the distal side of two of tabs 279 a, 279 b formed on locator assembly block 280 and the proximal side of locator assembly spring stop 381 formed on the inner surface of housing bottom half 380 d. The locator assembly spring 290 so located may provide a force biasing locator assembly block 280 in the proximal direction relative to housing 380.

Locator assembly block 280 may be formed of metal, plastic, or other rigid material. A function of locator assembly block 280 may be to allow a user to apply a force causing distal movement of tubular body 210 (FIG. 1B) relative to control member 250 causing locator assembly 200 (FIGS. 1B and 2) to transition from the unexpanded state to the expanded state. Slot 281 may be formed in the proximal end of locator assembly block 280. Slot 281 may have a size sufficient to accommodate control block 260 and control block cavity 265, and to allow locator assembly block 280 to travel axially relative to housing 380. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the distal end of locator assembly block 280 may include a pair of distally extending legs 282 a-b, with each of legs 282 a-b having a ramp 283 a-b on its inward facing surface. Finally, locator assembly block 280 may also have a locking mechanism. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, locator assembly block 280 may include a flexible snap-fit lock that includes pair of distally extending release tabs 284 a-b, each of release tabs 284 a-b having a detent 285 a-b.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3A, locator assembly block 280 may be slideably received and retained within grooves formed in the proximal end of housing 380, with the proximal end of locator assembly block 280 extending from the proximal end of housing 380. Control block 260 and control block cavity 265 may be as located in slot 281 formed in the proximal end of locator assembly block 280.

To release locator assembly 200, and to enable it to slideably move within the grooves formed in the proximal end of the housing 380 and allow locator assembly 200 to transition from its expanded state to its unexpanded state, the apparatus 100 can include a locator release system 490 (FIG. 1A). Turning to FIG. 1A, locator release system 490 of the apparatus 100 may include locator release rod 491 having release tab spacer block 492 formed on its proximal end. Locator release rod 491 and release tab spacer block 492 may be received and retained in a groove formed on the interior surface of housing bottom half 380 d. Release tab spacer block 492 may be integrally formed with or attached to the proximal end of locator release rod 491 and may be formed of metal, plastic, or other rigid material. Release tab spacer block 492 may have a shape and size adapted to fit between release tabs 284 a-b formed on locator assembly block 280, thereby biasing release tabs 284 a-b outward and causing outward facing detents 285 a-b to engage retaining grooves 286 a-b (FIG. 1B) formed on the interior of housing 380. As long as detents 285 a-b are thus engaged with retaining grooves 286 a-b in housing 380, locator assembly block 280 is held in an axial position against the spring force imparted in the proximal direction by locator assembly spring 290.

With continued reference to FIG. 1A, the distal end of locator release rod 491 may have an engagement member 493 that comprises an inward bend on the distal end of locator release rod 491. As described more fully below, engagement member 493 on locator release rod 491 may be positioned within the apparatus 100 such that when closure element 500 is delivered, engagement member 493 is engaged and caused to move axially in the distal direction, thereby disengaging release tab spacer block 492 from locator assembly block 280 and causing locator assembly block 280 to move in an axial direction, and further causing locator assembly 200 simultaneously to transition from an expanded state to an unexpanded state.

The carrier assembly 120 may be coupled with, and slideable relative to, locator assembly 200. Carrier assembly 120 may be configured to receive and retain closure element 500, which may be disposed substantially within carrier assembly 120. Carrier assembly 120 may be further configured to position closure element 500 substantially adjacent to an opening to be closed, and to deploy closure element 500. Upon being deployed, closure element 500 can maintain a reduced cross-section but may also temporarily and substantially uniformly expand beyond the natural cross-section of closure element 500. In either case, closure element 500, when deployed, can engage an amount of the blood vessel wall and/or tissue adjacent to the opening. Thereafter, closure element 500 may be configured to return to the natural cross-section, optionally substantially uniformly, such that the blood vessel wall and/or tissue are drawn substantially closed and/or sealed.

As shown in FIG. 1A, carrier assembly 120 may include a tube set 305 of at least one tubular member. For instance, the illustrated tube set can include carrier member 310, pusher member 320, cover member 330, and support member 340, also shown in FIG. 8. Carrier member 310, pusher member 320, cover member 330, and support member 340 may be provided as a plurality of nested, members with a common longitudinal axis. In some embodiments, all or some of the nested members may also be telescoping and move in a distal and/or proximal direction along the common longitudinal axis. Carrier member 310 may be configured to receive and support closure element 500. While being disposed on carrier member 310, closure element 500 may be deformed from a natural, planar configuration to form a substantially tubular closure element 500″, as shown in as FIGS. 9A-G, and as described herein.

Returning to FIG. 1A, carrier member 310 may include proximal end region 310 a and distal end region 310 b. Carrier member 310 may also define lumen 314, which may extend substantially between proximal end region 310 a and distal end region 310 b and configured to slideably receive at least a portion of tubular body 210 of locator assembly 200 and/or support member 340. Although the exterior cross-section of the carrier member 310 may be substantially uniform, the distal end region 310 b of carrier member 310 may have a cross-section that increases distally, as illustrated in FIG. 1A, for substantially uniformly expanding substantially tubular closure element 500 (FIG. 9G) beyond natural cross-section 530 (FIG. 9A) of closure element 500″ when substantially tubular closure element 500″ is deployed. Alternatively, distal end region 310 b may be formed with a uniform cross-section to deploy closure element 500 without cross-sectional expansion.

Pusher member 320 may have proximal end region 320 a and distal end region 320 b. Pusher member 320 may be coupled with, and slideable relative to, carrier member 310. Pusher member 320 may be a predetermined length and have a predetermined cross-section, both of which can be of any suitable dimension and can be configured to slideably receive carrier member 310 such that distal end region 320 b of pusher member 320 may be offset proximally from distal end region 310 b of carrier member 310. As desired, the predetermined length of pusher member 320 may be substantially equal to a predetermined length of carrier member 310. A predetermined length of pusher member 320 may be less than a predetermined length of carrier member 310 such that carrier member 310 and pusher member 320 may at least partially define a space 360 (FIG. 8) distal to distal end region 320 b of pusher member 320 and along the periphery of carrier member 310.

Pusher member 320 may be substantially tubular and can define a lumen 324 that may extend substantially between proximal end region 320 a and distal end region 320 b and can be configured to slideably receive at least a portion of the carrier member 310. The cross-section of pusher member 320 may be substantially uniform, and distal end region 320 b of pusher member 320 can comprise one or more longitudinal extensions 325, which may extend distally from pusher member 320 and along the periphery of carrier member 310. Longitudinal extensions 325 may be biased such that longitudinal extensions 325 extend generally in parallel with the common longitudinal axis of carrier assembly 120. Longitudinal extensions 325 may be sufficiently flexible to expand radially, and yet sufficiently rigid to inhibit buckling as distal end region 320 b is directed distally along carrier member 310 and engages the distally-increasing cross-section of distal end region 310 b of carrier member 310 to deploy closure element 500

Cover member 330 may be configured to retain closure element 500, in its generally tubular configuration, substantially within the carrier assembly 120 prior to deployment. Being coupled with, and slideable relative to, pusher member 320, cover member 330 has proximal end region 330 a and distal end region 330b, a predetermined length and a predetermined cross-section, both of which can be of any suitable dimension. Cover member 330 may be formed as a substantially rigid, semi-rigid, or flexible tubular member with an inner periphery and an outer periphery, and may define a lumen 334. Lumen 334 may extends substantially between proximal and distal end regions 330 a and 330 b, respectively, of cover member 330 and may be configured to slideably receive at least a portion of pusher member 320. When cover member 330 is properly positioned within carrier assembly 120, as schematically illustrated in FIG. 10A, distal end region 330 b may be configured to extend over the as space 360 (FIG. 8), thereby defining annular cavity 370 for receiving and retaining substantially tubular closure element 500″.

The cross-section of cover member 330 may be substantially uniform, and distal end region 330 b of cover member 330 may comprise one or more longitudinal extensions 335, which extend distally from cover member 330 and along an outer periphery of pusher member 320, as shown in FIG. 8. Although longitudinal extensions 335 can extend generally in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the tube set 305, longitudinal extensions 335 may be biased such that the plurality of longitudinal extensions 335 extend substantially radially inward. As a result, longitudinal extensions 335 may at least partially close lumen 334 substantially adjacent to distal end region 330 b of cover member 330.

With reference to FIGS. 1B and 10A, to permit closure element 500 to be deployed from annular cavity 370, longitudinal extensions 335 may be sufficiently flexible to expand radially to permit distal end region 310 b of carrier member 310 to move distally past cover member 330 to open annular cavity 370 such that distal end region 330 b no longer extends over the space 360.

When carrier assembly 120 is assembled as a plurality of nested, telescoping members, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 8, carrier member 310 is at least partially disposed within, and slideable relative to, a lumen of pusher member 320, and support member 340 is slideable relative to pusher member 310. Pusher member 320, in turn, is at least partially disposed within, and slideable relative to, lumen 334 of cover member 330. To couple carrier assembly 120 with locator assembly 200, tubular body 210 of locator assembly 200 may be at least partially disposed within, and slideable relative to, lumen 314. The longitudinal axis of locator assembly 200 may be substantially in axial alignment with the common longitudinal axis of carrier as member 310, pusher member 320, and cover member 330.

The apparatus 100 may also include support member 340 as shown in FIG. 1A. Support member 340 may be configured to slideably receive tubular body 210 of locator assembly 200 and provide radial support for distal end region 210 b of tubular body 210 when locator assembly 200 is coupled with the carrier assembly 120. Carrier assembly 120 can advantageously include support member 340, for example, if tubular body 210 is not sufficiently rigid or under other circumstances in which support for tubular body 210 might be desirable. It also will be appreciated that support member 340 may also be configured to inhibit longitudinal extensions 335, which extend from distal end region 330 b of cover member 330, from expanding prematurely when closure element 500 is deployed. If longitudinal extensions 335 were to expand prematurely, they may become hung up on an introducer sheath or other delivery member (if an introducer sheath or delivery member is used), the tissue, or the wall of the blood vessel. This may interfere with the proper advancement or other movement of cover member 330 and carrier assembly 120.

Support member 340 may be formed as a substantially rigid, semi-rigid, or flexible tubular member, and may include proximal end region 340 a and distal end region 340 b. Having an outer periphery, support member 340 may define lumen 344, extending substantially between proximal end region 340 a and distal end region 340 b and configured to slideably receive and support at least a portion of tubular body 210 of locator assembly 200. Support member 340, in turn, can be at least partially slideably disposed within lumen 314 of carrier member 310 such that tubular body 210 of locator assembly 200 is coupled with, and slideable relative to, carrier member 310 in the manner described in more detail above.

Support member 340 may have a predetermined length and a predetermined cross-section, both of which can be of any suitable dimension, and may have a substantially uniform cross-section. Although shown and described as being substantially separate for purposes of illustration, it will be appreciated that carrier member 310, pusher member 320, cover member 330, and/or support member 340 may be provided, in whole or in part, as one or more integrated assemblies.

With reference to FIG. 8, support member 340 may also include a distal end that is blunt, rounded and/or includes a radius or curved portion that may prevent and/or eliminate damage to tubular body 200 as tubular body is moved with respect to support member 340. In some cases during deployment, as discussed in more detail below, tubular body 200 may be inserted into a lumen of an introducer at such an angle as to require tubular body 200 to flex with respect to tube set 305 as much as between about 0 degrees and 90 degrees, preferably between about 10 degrees and 90degrees and more preferably between 30 degrees and 60 degrees, for example when used in conjunction with a femoral artery. The above-described distal end of the distal end region 340 b prevents and/or eliminates damage to tubular body 200 that may result from a sharp edge pressed along tubular body 200 during advancement of tube set 305, and more particularly, support member 340 and the distal end of the distal end region 340 b.

Illustratively, the radii of the distal end of the support member 340 can have various sizes and configurations. In one configuration, the distal end radii can be about 0.002 inches. In still another configuration, the distal end radii can be about 0.004 inches. In still another configuration, the distal end radii can be about 0.002 inches or greater. Increasing the radii of the distal end of support member 340 to about 0.004 inches, for instance, can decrease the amount of force required to overcome a bend in locator assembly 200 over those devices having a distal end radii as of about 0.002 inches. This is because a gap formed between the interior diameter of support member 340 and the locator assembly 200 is larger for the 0.004 inch radii than for the 0.002 inch radii.

In addition to the above, with the distal end having a radii greater than 0.002 inches, such as but not limited to 0.004 inches, there is a decrease in the possibility that the support member 340 cuts or otherwise damages the locator assembly 200 during positioning of the distal end of the apparatus 100 and subsequent deployment of the closure element 500. Further, a radii greater than 0.002 inches, such as but not limited to 0.004 inches, may not increase the forces used to split an introducer sheath and may not elongate the introducer sheath during positioning and deploying of the closure element 500, or may only marginally increases the forces or marginally elongate the introducer sheath.

With reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B, carrier assembly 120 may also include a portion of housing 380. For instance, the carrier assembly 120 can optionally include the top half 380 c of housing 380, illustrated in FIG. 1A, and the bottom half 380 d is shown in FIG. 1B. It will be understood, however, that housing 380 may be separate from the carrier assembly 120, while retaining and/or receiving all or a portion of the carrier assembly 120.

Housing 380 may be formed as an elongate member with a longitudinal axis and a periphery, and may include proximal end region 380 a and distal end region 380 b. Thereby, when apparatus 100 is assembled, tubular body 210 of locator assembly 200 may be at least partially disposed within, and slideable relative to, tube set 305 such that distal end region 210 b of tubular body 210 extends beyond distal end regions 310 b, 320 b, 330 b, and/or 340 b. Tubular body 210, carrier member 310, pusher member 320, cover member 330, and, if provided, support member 340 may as be at least partially disposed within, and slideable relative to, housing 380. Proximal end region 210 a of tubular body 210 and proximal end regions 310 a, 320 a, 330 a, and/or 340 a of tube set 305 can be at least partially disposed within, and slideable relative to, housing 380. Distal end regions 210 b, 310 b, 320 b, 330 b, and 340 b may extend from distal end region 380 b of housing 380 such that common longitudinal axis 350 of tube set 305 may be substantially axially aligned with longitudinal axis 386 of housing 380. When configured to slideably retain respective proximal end regions 210 a, 310 a, 320 a, 330 a, and 340 a, housing 380 supports tube set 305 and can have one or more handles 391, 392 to facilitate use of apparatus 100. Handles 391, 392 may extend, optionally substantially radially, from the outer periphery of housing 380 and can be provided as illustrated or in any manner known in the art.

To facilitate deployment of the closure element 500, the apparatus 100 can include a triggering system 400, shown in FIG. 2. Triggering system 200 may also include all or portions of carrier assembly 120 and be integrally or separately formed with the components of carrier assembly 120. Triggering system 200 may cooperate with a portion the locator assembly 200. For instance, a portion of locator assembly 200 and a portion of triggering system 400 may cooperate and be accessible externally to housing 380, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. As shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 4-7, triggering system 400 of apparatus 100 may be received by and disposed substantially within housing 380. Triggering system 400 may be configured to control the relative axial movement and/or positioning of distal end regions 310 b, 320 b, 330 b, and 340 b and/or locator assembly distal end region 210 b. Axial motion of one or more of carrier member 310, pusher member 320, cover member 330, and support member 340 and/or tubular body 210 may be attained, for example, by applying an axial force to triggering extension 405.

Triggering system 400 may include a set of block members including carrier block 410, pusher block 420, cover block 430, and support block 440, each of which may be formed integrally with or securely attached to its respective member of carrier assembly 120. The block members may be adapted to selectably couple and decouple carrier member 310, pusher member 320, cover member 330, and support member 340 relative to one another in order to provide axial movement of those components in a predetermined manner intended to deliver closure element 500 in the manner described herein. For example, when carrier assembly 120 reaches a first predetermined distal position, support member 340 may be decoupled from carrier member 310, pusher member 320, and cover member 330, and may be thereafter substantially inhibited from further axial movement in the distal direction. Thereby, carrier member 310, pusher member 320, and cover member 330 may be directed distally as support member 340 remains substantially stationary. Subsequently, carrier member 310 and cover member 330 can be decoupled from pusher member 320 and thereby inhibited from further axial movement in the distal direction. Pusher member 320 may be directed distally as support member 340, carrier member 310, and cover member 330 remain substantially stationary, as described more fully herein.

Carrier block 410 may be disposed on proximal end region 310 a of carrier member 310 and may include trigger extension 405, which extends through a slot in housing 380 to the exterior of housing 380, and is thusly accessible by a user. This carrier block 410, as shown in FIG. 3A, may include a pair of grooves 413 a-b formed on a peripheral surface of carrier block 410. Grooves 413 a-b may be adapted to receive and retain a flexible snap fit that includes a pair of tabs 445 a-b formed on a pair of legs 444 a-b extending distally from support block 440, thereby selectably coupling support block 440 to carrier block 410. Carrier block 410, as illustrated in FIG. 1A, may also include a pair of distal tabs 416 a-b extending from the distal end of carrier block 410, and adapted to engage a pair of slots 423 a-b formed on the proximal end of pusher block 420.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 3A, carrier block 410 may also include a pair of arms 414 a-b extending in the proximal direction from the proximal end of carrier block 410, each of arms 414 a-b having an outward directed tab 415 a-b at its proximal end. Tabs 415 a-b may be adapted to selectably engage a pair of slots 387 a-b (FIG. 1B) formed on the interior surface of housing 380 near its proximal end and, when so engaged, to fix the axial position of carrier block 410 and, with it, carrier assembly 120 relative to housing 380. Tabs 415 a-b may be disengaged from slots 387 a-b FIG. 1B) in housing 380 when locator assembly block 280 is moved axially in the distal direction in the following manner. As locator assembly block 280 is advanced distally, the interior surfaces of the ramps 283 a-b on locator assembly block legs 282 a-b engage the exterior surfaces of tabs 415 a-b and cause carrier block arms 414 a-b to flex inward, releasing tabs 415 a-b from the slots 387 a-b in the housing, thereby freeing carrier block 410 and carrier assembly 120 to move axially. Thus, axial movement of carrier block 410 within apparatus 100 in the distal direction is inhibited until locator assembly block 280 is advanced to transition locator assembly 200 to the expanded condition, simultaneously releasing tabs 415 a-b on carrier block 410.

Pusher block 420 may be disposed on proximal end region 320 a of pusher member 320. As described above, pusher block 420 may include a pair of slots 423 a-b formed on its proximal end, and adapted to selectably engage distal tabs 416 a-b extending from the distal end of carrier block 410. Pusher block 420 may also include a pair of grooves 424 a-b formed on its peripheral surface, the grooves 424 a-b being adapted to engage and create a flexible snap fit with a pair of tabs 435 a-b formed on a pair of legs 434 a-b extending from the proximal side of cover block 430 to selectably couple cover block 430 to pusher block 420.

Cover block 430 may be disposed on proximal end region 330 a of cover member 330. As described above, cover block 430 may include a pair of legs 434 a-b extending from the proximal end of the cover block 430, each of legs 434 a-b having an inward directed tab 435 a-b adapted to engage grooves 424 a-b on the peripheral surface of pusher block 420 to selectably couple cover block 430 to pusher block 420.

Support block 440 may be disposed on proximal end region 340 a of support member 340. As described above, support block 440 may include a pair of legs 444 a-b extending from the distal end of the support block 440, each of legs 444 a-b having an inward directed tab 445 a-b adapted to engage grooves 413 a-b formed on the surface of carrier block 410 to selectably couple support block 440 to carrier block 410.

Carrier block 410, pusher block 420, cover block 430, and support block 440 are shown in FIGS. 2, 3A and 4-5 in their fully coupled state, with support block 440 coupled to carrier block 410, pusher block 420 coupled to carrier block 410, and cover block 430 coupled to pusher block 420. In this arrangement, carrier assembly 120 comprises a coaxial set of tubes as shown in FIG. 8, with support member 340 slideably retained substantially within carrier member 310, which is in turn slideably retained substantially within pusher member 320, which is in turn slideably retained substantially within cover member 330.

Triggering system 400 of apparatus 100 may include an energy storing element that is used in the final stage of closure element 500 delivery processes. The energy storing element, such as, but not limited to, a spring, such as pusher spring 425 shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, 6 and 7, may be substantially retained in a spring cavity 417 formed in carrier block 410 and coaxially surrounds a proximal end region 310 a of carrier member 310. Pusher spring 425 is capable of expanding and contracting, storing potential energy as it is contracted and releasing energy as it expands. In its fully expanded state, the pusher spring 425 has a length that is greater than the length of spring cavity 417. The cross-sectional dimension of pusher spring 425 may be such that it backs up against and contacts the proximal end of pusher block 420. Thus, when pusher spring 425 is in place between carrier block 410 and pusher block 420, pusher spring 425 is capable of imparting a force biasing carrier block 410 away from pusher block 420.

Prior to delivery of closure element 500, the distal end of carrier block 41O is in physical contact with the proximal end of pusher block 420. In this pre-deployment condition, pusher spring 425 is in a contracted state and is maintained fully within spring cavity 417. A catch member 418 serves the function of maintaining the carrier block 410 and pusher block 420 in the pre-deployment condition against the spring force of pusher spring 425, the force of which would otherwise force apart carrier block 410 from pusher block 420. Catch member 418 may be a U-shaped piece of metal, plastic, or other rigid material that engages first groove 419 a formed on the surface of carrier block 410 and second groove 419 b formed on the surface of pusher block 420. With reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B, pusher block 420 includes hole 426 extending through a portion thereof, with one end of hole 426 opening into groove 419 b. Hole 426 is adapted to receive trip pin 427. During the closure element deployment process, trip pin 427 is advanced through hole 426, where it encounters catch member 418 retained in the groove 419 b. Further advancement of trip pin 427 causes catch member 418 to become disengaged from groove 419 b, thereby releasing the force of pusher spring 425.

The operation of the triggering system 400 of the apparatus 100 is illustrated in FIGS. 2-8 with the closure element 500 disposed substantially within the apparatus 100. As shown in FIGS. 2-3B, apparatus 100 has an initial position in which locator assembly block 280 is extended proximally and triggering system 400 is in its most proximal position. Accordingly, the locator assembly 200 is in its unexpanded state, as shown in FIG. 3B. At a point in time that the distal end region 210 b of the locator assembly 200 has been positioned as desired (for example, within the blood vessel), locator assembly block 280 is depressed distally, as shown in FIG. 4, thereby transitioning locator assembly 200 to the expanded state, as shown in FIG. 3C, and simultaneously releasing triggering system 400 from the initial position (in the manner described above) such that triggering system 400 can be advanced distally within the housing 380.

Triggering system 400 can then be advanced distally within housing 380, thereby advancing tube set 305 into position adjacent the blood vessel. At a first predetermined position, shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, support block 440 encounters a support stop (not shown) on the interior surface of housing bottom half 380 d that inhibits support block 440 from advancing further distally. As a result, an application of additional distal force to triggering system 400 causes support block 440 to decouple from carrier block 410. More specifically, tabs 445 a-b on legs 444 a-b of support block 440 disengage from grooves 413 a-b on carrier block 410. Thus, support block 440 remains in the position shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, while carrier block 410 is able to advance further distally upon application of force to triggering system 400.

Turning to FIGS. 6-8, as the triggering system 400 is advanced further distally, cover block 430 engages a cover stop on the interior surface near the distal end region 380 b of housing 380, thereby inhibiting additional distal advancement of cover block 430. In addition, as carrier block 410 is moved axially in the distal direction, tabs 415 a-b and flexible arms 414 a-b of carrier block 410 flex inward and move along an internal surface of housing bottom half 380 d which inhibits arms 414 a-b from flexing outward. Housing bottom half 380 d also includes two slots 211 on its internal surface which are positioned to coincide with tabs 415 a-b as triggering system 400 is advanced to the position illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7. As a result, when triggering system 400 reaches its distal-most position, tabs 415 a-b extend outward, thereby also allowing arms 414 a-b to flex outward. Tabs 415 a-b can have a blunt distal end, causing tabs 415 a-b to engage the distal end of slots 211 as a force is applied to triggering system 400 in the distal direction. The engagement of tabs 415 a-b with slots 211 can thus lock triggering system at the distal-most position and substantially prevent carrier block 410 from moving in a distal direction. Moreover, at the distal-most position, trigger extension 405 engages handle 391 of the apparatus, thereby inhibiting additional distal advancement of carrier block 410.

Closure element 500 is next deployed by releasing pusher spring 425, which causes pusher block 420 (and, thus, pusher member 320 (FIG. 1A)) to advance distally, deploying closure element 500 in the manner described herein. As previously described, pusher spring 425 is released by disengaging catch member 418 from groove 419 b on pusher block 420, thereby releasing pusher spring 425 to force pusher block 420 and, thus, pusher member 320 distally relative to carrier block 410. This action causes pusher member 320 to deploy closure element 500 from within tubeset 305. The catch member 418 is disengaged from groove 419 b by applying a force to a trigger 401, which, in the deployment position, is aligned with trip pin 427 retained in pusher block 420. A trigger spring 402 biases trigger 401 outward relative to housing 380, with a portion of the trigger 401 extending through a hole 130 (FIG. 1B) in housing 380. A user applies an inward directed force to trigger 401 to counteract the biasing force of trigger spring 402 and force trigger 401 against the trip pin 427.

With reference to FIGS. 1A and 6, in addition to deploying closure element 500, the distal advancement of pusher block 420 also causes locator release system 490 to activate, thereby transitioning locator assembly 200 from the expanded state to the unexpanded state. As pusher block 420 advances distally to deploy closure element 500 in the manner described above, pusher block 420 also engages engagement member 493 of locator release system 490 and advances locator release rod 491 distally. This action causes release tab spacer block 492 to disengage from release tabs 284 a-b on locator assembly block 280 (see FIG. 1), thereby releasing locator assembly block 280, which returns to its proximal, pre-deployment position, causing locator assembly 200 to return to the unexpanded state. An indicator window (not shown) may be formed in housing 380 to give a visual indication that tab spacer block 492 has disengaged and that locator assembly 200 has returned to the unexpanded state. The deployment of closure element 500 and locator release actions occur nearly simultaneously.

Referring now to FIGS. 9A-G illustrating embodiments of a closure element that can be used as part of or with the apparatus 100, the closure element, generally identified with reference numeral 500, may have a generally annular-shaped body defining a channel and one or more barbs and/or tines for receiving and engaging the blood vessel wall and/or the tissue around the opening. Although the closure element has a natural shape and size, the closure element can be deformed into other shapes and sizes, as desired, and can be configured to return to the natural shape and size when released. For example, closure element 500 can have a natural, planar configuration with opposing tines and a natural cross-section. The closure element can be formed from any suitable material, including any biodegradable material, any shape memory material, such as alloys of nickel-titanium, or any combination thereof. Additionally, it is contemplated that the closure element may be coated with a beneficial agent or be constructed as a composite, wherein one component of the composite would be a beneficial agent. As desired, the closure element may further include radiopaque markers (not shown) or may be wholly or partially formed from a radiopaque material to facilitate observation of the closure element using fluoroscopy or other imaging systems. Exemplary embodiments of a closure element are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,197,042, 6,623,510, 6,461,364, 6,391,048, and 6,623,510. The disclosures of these references and any others cited therein are expressly incorporated herein by reference.

As described previously, and with reference to FIG. 10A, closure element 500 can be disposed within the carrier assembly and adjacent to the distal end of pusher tube 320. As shown in FIG. 10A, for example, the reduced closure element 500 may be slideably received over distally-increasing cross-section 318 b of distal end region 310 b of carrier member 310 and disposed about periphery 312 of carrier member 310 adjacent to space 360. Since reduced cross-section 530 of reduced closure element 500 is less than cross-section 318 b of distally-increasing cross-section 318 b, reduced closure element 500 must be temporarily radially deformed to be received over distal end region 310 b. Also, as reduced closure element 500′ (FIG. 9C) is received over distal end region 310 b, opposing tines 520 of reduced closure element 500′ (FIG. 9C) engage distal end region 310 b. Reduced closure element 500′ (FIG. 9C) thereby forms substantially tubular closure element 500″, illustrated in FIG. 9G, with the ends of the barbs and/or tines extending towards the distal end of the apparatus 100.

The apparatuses of the present invention may be configured to be utilized with a sheath, wherein the sheath is inserted or otherwise positioned into an opening in a body comprising a lumen. The sheath generally comprises a substantially flexible or semi-rigid tubular member having a proximal end region and a distal end region and includes a predetermined length and a predetermined cross-section, both of which can be of any suitable dimension. The sheath forms a lumen that extends along a longitudinal axis or the sheath and substantially between the proximal and distal end regions. The lumen can have any suitable internal cross-section and is suitable for receiving one or more devices (not shown), such as a catheter, a guide wire, or the like. The lumen is configured to slideably receive the tubular body of the locator assembly and/or the tube set of the carrier assembly of the devices in accordance with the present invention.

Since the internal cross-section of the sheath may be less than or substantially equal to the predetermined cross-section of the cover member, the sheath may be configured to radially expand, such as by stretching, to receive the tube set. Alternatively, or in addition, the sheath may be advantageously configured to split as the tube set is received by, and advances within the lumen of the sheath, thereby permitting the apparatuses to access the blood vessel wall. To facilitate the splitting, the sheath can include one or more splits, such as longitudinal splits, each split being provided in a manner known in the art. Each split is configured to split the sheath in accordance with a predetermined pattern, such as in a spiral pattern. It will be appreciated that, when the internal cross-section of the sheath is greater than the predetermined cross-section of the cover member, it may not be necessary for the sheath to be configured to radially expand and/or split. In addition to, or as an alternative to, the apparatus may include a cutting means that initiates a tear line or split in the sheath when the sheath is engaged with the distal end of the apparatus.

The sheath may be advanced over a guide wire or other rail (not shown), which has been positioned through the opening and into the blood vessel using conventional procedures such as those described above. Preferably, the blood vessel is a peripheral blood vessel, such as a femoral or carotid artery, although other body lumens may be accessed using the sheath as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. The opening, and consequently the sheath, may be oriented with respect to the blood vessel such as to facilitate the introduction of devices through the lumen of the sheath and into the blood vessel with minimal risk of damage to the blood vessel. One or more devices (not shown), such as a catheter, a guide wire, or the like, may be inserted through the sheath and advanced to a preselected location within the patients body. For example, the devices may be used to perform a therapeutic or diagnostic procedure, such as angioplasty, atherectomy, stent implantation, and the like, within the patents vasculature.

FIGS. 10A-K illustrate one exemplary manner to deploy closure element 500 by apparatuses according to the present invention. For purposes of continuity, reference numbers to the first discussed embodiment are used, but it will be evident that other embodiments discussed above may be used in a similar fashion.

A sheath 640 may be inserted or otherwise positioned through a patient's skin 650 and tissue 630 and within the blood vessel 600 or other body lumen via the opening 610. This provides access to the blood vessel 600 through the blood vessel as wall 620 for performance of a therapeutic or diagnostic procedure.

After the procedure is completed, the devices associated with the therapeutic or diagnostic procedure are removed from sheath 640, and apparatus 100 can be prepared to be received by lumen 644 of the sheath. Being in the unexpanded state, the distal end region 210 b of tubular body 210 of the locator assembly 200 an be slideably received by the lumen and atraumatically advanced distally into the blood vessel 600, as illustrated in FIG. 10B. Once the distal end region 210 b extends into blood vessel 600, distal end region 210 b can transition from the unexpanded state to the expanded state by activating the switching system of locator assembly 200, and as illustrated in FIG. 10C.

Turning to FIG. 10D, apparatus 100 and/or sheath 640 can then be retracted proximally until distal end region 210 b is substantially adjacent to an outer surface 620 b of blood vessel wall 620. Distal end region 210 b thereby draws blood vessel wall 620 taut and maintains the proper position of apparatus 100 as blood vessel 600 pulsates. Since the expanded cross-section of distal end region 210 b is greater than or substantially equal to the cross-section of opening 610 and/or the cross-section of lumen 644, distal end region 210 b remains in blood vessel 600 and engages inner surface 620 b of blood vessel wall 620. Distal end region 210 b can frictionally engage inner surface 620 b of blood vessel wall 620, thereby securing apparatus 100 to blood vessel 600. Sheath 640 can be retracted proximally such that distal end region 640 b of sheath 640 is substantially withdrawn from blood vessel 600, permitting apparatus 100 to access blood vessel wall 620.

Once distal end region 210 b of locator assembly 200 contacts inner surface 620 b of blood vessel wall 620, tube set 305 can then be advanced distally and received within lumen 644 of sheath 640. In the manner described above, sheath 640 can radially expand and/or split in accordance with the predetermined pattern as tube set 305 advances because the internal cross-section of sheath 640 is less than or substantially equal to pre-determined cross-section 338 b of cover member 330. Being coupled, carrier member 310, pusher member 320, cover member 330, and support member 340 each advance distally and approach the first predetermined position, as illustrated in FIG. 10F.

Upon reaching the first predetermined position, tube set 305 is disposed substantially adjacent to outer surface 620 a of blood vessel wall 620 adjacent to opening 610 such that the blood vessel wall adjacent to opening 610 is disposed substantially between expanded distal region 210 b of locator assembly 200 and tube set 305. Support member 340 decouples from carrier member 310 and pusher member 320 in the manner described above when tube set 305 is in the first predetermined position. The cover member 330 and pusher member 320 are advanced. After advancement the cover member 330 is decoupled from the carrier member 310 and pusher member 320. Thereby, cover member 330 and support member 340 may be inhibited from further axial movement and remain substantially stationary as carrier member 310 and pusher member 320 each remain coupled and axially slideable.

As shown in FIG. 10G, cover member 330 and support member 340 remain substantially stationary while carrier member 310 and pusher member 320 continue distally and approach the second predetermined position. As carrier member 310 and pusher member 320 distally advance toward the second predetermined position, annular cavity 370 moves distally relative to substantially-stationary cover member 330 such that distal end region 330 b of cover member 330 no longer encloses annular cavity 370. Thereby, closure element 500 is not completely enclosed by annular cavity 370 formed by distal end regions 310 b, 320 b, and 330 b of carrier member 310, pusher member 320, and cover member 330.

Although not completely enclosed by annular cavity 370, substantially tubular closure element 500 is advantageously retained on outer periphery 312 b of carrier member 310 by distal end region 330 b of cover member 330 as illustrated in FIG. 10G. For example, by retaining substantially tubular closure element 500 between distal end region 330 b of cover member 330 and distal end region 310 b carrier member 310, apparatus 100 may be configured to provide better tissue penetration. The timing between the deployment of substantially tubular closure element 500 by tube set 305 and the retraction and transition to the unexpanded state by locator assembly 200 likewise is facilitated because substantially tubular closure element 500 is retained between distal end region 330 b and distal end region 310 b. Further, carrier member 310 and cover member 330 operate to maintain substantially tubular closure element 500 in the tubular configuration.

When tube set 305 is in the second predetermined position, carrier member 310 decouples from pusher member 320 in the manner described in detail above. Therefore, carrier member 310, cover member 330, and support member 340 may be inhibited from further axial movement and remain substantially stationary, whereas, pusher member 320 remains axially slideable. As pusher member 320 continues distally, distal end region 320 b of pusher member 320 contacts substantially tubular closure element 500 and displaces substantially tubular closure element 500 from space 360 as shown in FIG. 10H. Since space 360 is substantially radially exposed, pusher member 320 directs substantially tubular closure element 500 over the distally-increasing cross-section of distal end region 310 b of substantially-stationary carrier member 310 such that the cross-section of substantially tubular closure element 500 begins to radially expand, preferably in a substantially uniform manner. As substantially tubular closure element 500 traverses the distally-increasing cross-section of distal end region 310 b, the cross-section of substantially tubular closure element 500 radially expands beyond natural cross-section of closure element 500, as shown in FIGS. 9A-G.

Upon being directed over the distally-increasing cross-section of the distal end region by pusher member 320, substantially tubular closure element 500 is distally deployed as illustrated in FIG. 10I. When substantially tubular closure element 500 is deployed, tines 520 can pierce and otherwise engage significant amount of blood vessel wall 620 and/or tissue 630 adjacent to opening 610. For example, tines 520 can engage significant amount of blood vessel wall 620 and/or tissue 630 because cross-section 530 of substantially tubular closure element 500 is expanded beyond natural cross-section 530 of closure element 500 during deployment.

As the closure element is being deployed from the space, locator assembly 200 may begins to retract proximally and locator release system 490 can be activated to transition from the expanded state to the unexpanded state as substantially tubular closure element 500 is deployed. Distal end region 210 b of locator assembly 200 may retract proximally and transition from the expanded state to the unexpanded state substantially simultaneously with the deployment of substantially tubular closure element 500. As desired, distal end region 210 b may be configured to draw blood vessel wall 620 and/or tissue 630 adjacent to opening 610 proximally and into the channel defined by substantially tubular closure element 500. Tines 520 of as substantially tubular closure element 500 thereby can pierce and otherwise engage blood vessel wall 620 and/or tissue 630.

Turning to FIG. 10J, substantially tubular closure element 500, once deployed, begins to transition from the tubular configuration, returning to the natural, planar configuration with opposing tines 520 and a natural cross-section of closure element 500. Preferably, substantially tubular closure element 500 substantially uniformly transitions from the tubular configuration to the natural, planar configuration. Rotating axially inwardly to from opposing tines 520 of the closure element 500, tines 520 draw the tissue into the channel as substantially tubular closure 500 element forms closure element 500. Also, the tissue is drawn substantially closed and/or sealed as the cross-section of substantially tubular closure element 500 contracts to return to the natural cross-section. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other and further materials, methods, and combinations may be utilized to construct the closure element to achieve the objectives described and implied herein.

Referring now to FIGS. 11A-D, an exemplary method for resetting a closure apparatus is described and illustrated in accordance with the present invention. The exemplary method illustrates an alternative embodiment of distal and proximal end regions of a closure element delivery apparatus that is functionally similar to that of the device previously described above and shown in FIGS. 1-8, in most respects, wherein certain features will not be described in relation to the alternative embodiment wherein those components function in the same manner as described above and are hereby incorporated into the alternative embodiment described below.

Generally, a closure apparatus according to one example embodiment of the present invention, such as apparatus 1000 of FIG. 11A, is configured to be resettable, thereby allowing a physician or clinician to remove the apparatus before as deployment of the closure element, or allowing the user to reset the apparatus after deployment of the closure element such that it can be reused or used to demonstrate the full operation of the apparatus. By way of example, a partial view of the distal end of apparatus 1000 after deployment of a closure element is shown in FIG. 11A. The illustrated positioning of the features of apparatus 1000 is similar to that of apparatus 100 illustrated in FIG. 6, and such positioning may be obtained, by way of example, in the manner described above.

In particular, apparatus 1000 may include a housing 1380 comprising housing bottom half 1380 d and a housing top half 1380 c (FIG. 17). As illustrated, within housing 1380 a triggering system 1400 may located and in a post-deployment, distal-most position and condition. For example, triggering system 1400 may include a carrier block 1410 having a catch 1418 coupled thereto. As further illustrated, after deployment of the closure element, catch 1418 may be released from a pusher block 1420. Upon release of catch 1418 from pusher block 1420, pusher block 1420 may extend away from a position proximate to and/or abutting carrier block 1410, and become spaced therefrom. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the release of catch 1418 causes a pusher spring 1425 having stored potential energy to push pusher block 1420 in a distal direction, away from carrier block 1410, to a post-deployment, distal-most position abutting a cover block 1430. Cover block 1430 may in turn be inhibited from additional distal movement, and thereby retained in the illustrated distal position, by a cover stop (not shown) located at the distal end of housing 1380.

As is further illustrated in FIG. 11A, carrier block 1410 may include a triggering extension 1405 which is adjacent finger grip 1391 on housing 1380. In addition, carrier block 1410, including triggering extension 1405, may be locked into this distal position so as to substantially prevent triggering system 1400 from as additional distal movement. For instance, in the illustrated embodiment, carrier block 1410 includes a pair of flexible arms 1414 extending in the proximal direction from the proximal end of carrier block 1410. Coupled to the proximal end of each flexible arm 1414 is an outwardly directed tab 1415.

In one example embodiment, such as that illustrated in FIG. 11A, tabs 1415 can be configured to selectively engage a pair of slots 1412 formed on the interior surface of housing 1380. For example, as triggering system 1400 is moved proximally within housing 1380, and from a pre-deployment, proximal position similar to the position of triggering system 400 in FIG. 2, flexible arms 1414 flex inwardly as they move along the internal surface of housing 1380. Slots 1412 may cooperate with triggering system 1400 such that as carrier block 1410 reaches the distal-most position illustrated in FIG. 11A, flexible arms 1414 can flex outwardly, thereby extending tabs 1415 into slots 1412. To prevent additional distal movement, tabs 1414 may also have a blunt distal end that mates with a blunt, distal surface of slot 1412. In this manner, if a distally-directed force is applied to triggering system 1400, the blunt surfaces of tabs 1415 and slots 1412 prevent additional distal movement. In addition, the proximal ends of tabs 1415 may also be blunt or, as illustrated and described herein, may be tapered. A blunt proximal end on tabs 1415 may be desirable inasmuch as it can also lock apparatus 1000 in the distal direction and reduce any inadvertent movement of triggering system in the proximal direction.

In some cases, however, it may be desirable to release apparatus 1000 from a patient before deployment of a closure element, or to re-use apparatus 1000 after deployment either as a demonstration tool or for subsequent delivery of closure element. In such cases, the proximal end of tabs 1415 may be beveled or chamfered as illustrated in FIG. 11A. When a proximally-directed force is applied to triggering system 1400, the chamfered surface on tabs 1415 may engage the proximal surface of slots 1412, and slide proximally with respect thereto, thereby also allowing flexible arms 1414 to gradually flex inwardly as triggering system 1400 moves in a proximal direction. In this manner, the lock created by the flexible snap-fit of arms 1414 and tabs 1415 can be released by the application of a proximally directed force, and triggering system 1400 can be reset to a proximal, pre-deployment position within housing 1380.

While the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 11A-D illustrates a flexible snap fit having a chamfered proximal end, it should be appreciated that this feature is not limiting of the present invention. In fact, other embodiments are contemplated in which triggering system can be locked, either with or without a flexible snap-fit, and thereafter selectively released without utilizing a chamfered tab. For example, as described in greater detail with respect to FIG. 17, housing top half 1380 c may include openings corresponding to the positions of slots 1412 thereby allowing an external release tool to release a flexible snap fit.

In embodiments in which triggering system 1400 is configured to be selectively released from its distal-most position, it may also be desirable to reset triggering system 1400 in its pre-deployment condition. For example, resetting triggering system 1400 in this manner can allow a physician or clinician to suspend the deployment of a closure element. For instance, only after positioning position apparatus 1000 within a vascular opening, a physician may determine that a complication has arisen and must be dealt with before the patient's vasculature is closed or sealed. By allowing triggering system 1400 to be selectively reset, the physician may be able to back apparatus 1000 out of the distal-most position and as thereby allow apparatus 1000 to be removed and the complication dealt with.

In some embodiments described herein, a closure element delivery apparatus may include an expansion end (e.g., expansion end 230 in FIG. 3B) which engages the tissue on the interior of the body lumen. In such embodiments, if the delivery apparatus is to be backed out before deployment, it may also be necessary to release the expansion end. In one embodiment, the delivery apparatus may include an engagement member, such as engagement member 493 described and illustrated with respect to FIGS. 1A and 6, which releases the expansion end to an unexpanded state as engagement member 493 moves distally. Engagement member 493 may be connected to a spacer block 492 (FIG. 1A) which is visible and accessible through a window 212 (FIG. 1B) in the apparatus housing. The spacer block 492 may include a tab or otherwise be configured to allow the physician or clinician to engage the spacer block 492 and move it distally, thereby causing the expansion end to return to an unexpanded state, and thereby also allowing the delivery apparatus to be removed from the patient.

In addition, and as noted above, the ability to reset triggering system 1400 can also be desirable after deployment of a closure element. For example, it may be desirable to reset apparatus 1000 such that it can receive and deploy a subsequent closure element. In another embodiment, apparatus 1000 may be configured for only a single-use and/or not be configured to receive or deploy a subsequent closure element after the initial deployment. In either case, it may be desirable to reset apparatus 1000 such that it can be re-used either to delivery a closure element or as a demonstration tool to demonstrate the manner in which 1000 functions.

Referring again to FIG. 11A, apparatus 1000 can be reset to a pre-deployment state. To reset apparatus 1000, triggering system 1400 can be adapted to be reset to its pre-deployment position and condition. Reset of triggering system 1400 can be initiated by, first, applying a proximal force to triggering extension 1405 of carrier housing 1410, thereby causing carrier housing 1410 to move in a proximal direction. To move carrier housing 1410 in the proximal direction, the snap-fit created by slots 1412 in housing 1380 and tabs 1415 of carrier housing 1410 may be released as described herein. For example, and by way of representation and not limitation, tabs 1415 may be chamfered to allow flexible arms 1414 to flex inwardly, or an external release device may applied through housing 1380 to cause flexible arms 1414 to flex inward.

As carrier block 1410 is moved in the proximal direction, a distally-directed force may be applied to cover block 1430 to maintain cover block 1410 in the distal-most position illustrated in FIG. 11A. To apply the force, cover block 1410 may be coupled to a cover member 1330 which extends distally from cover block 1410, and outside of housing 1380, such that can be grasped or otherwise manually handled by a physician or other user.

Carrier block 1410 may, in some embodiments, cooperate with pusher block 1420. Accordingly, as carrier block 1410 moves in a proximal direction, pusher block 1420 may also move proximally. By way of example, and as illustrated in FIG. 11B, carrier block 1410 has been moved proximally from the distal-most position of FIG. 11A, such that trigger extension 1405 is no longer proximate handle 1391 of housing 1380. Pusher block 1420 may also be connected to carrier block 1410 such that as carrier block 1410 is moved proximally, pusher block 1420 is also moved proximally, and becomes spaced apart from cover block 1430. Pusher block 1420 may, for example, be connected to the distal end of pusher spring 1425, while the proximal end of pusher spring 1425 is connected to carrier block 1410. As as the potential energy in pusher spring 1425 is expended, and pusher spring 1425 is at a neutral state, the proximally directed movement of carrier block 1410 can thereby also cause pusher spring 1425 to move pusher block 1420 in the proximal direction.

As also illustrated in FIG. 11B, when carrier block 1410 and pusher block 1420 are moved distally, a catch 1418 may be in a released, post-deployment condition. Catch 1418 may be configured to maintain trigger system 1400 in a pre-deployment condition. For example, catch 1418 may maintain carrier block 1410 and pusher block 1420 in a pre-deployment condition such that pusher block 1420 is pressed against the distal end of carrier block.

When catch 1418 is released, such as in any manner described herein, clasp may be selectably disconnected from one or more of carrier block 1410 and/or pusher block 1420. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, upon or after deployment of a closure element, catch 1418 has been released from pusher block 1420, thus allowing pusher block 1420 to extend away from, and become spaced apart from carrier block 1410.

To reset triggering system 1400 to a pre-deployment condition, catch 1418 can be reconnected to pusher member 1420. In one embodiment, this is accomplished, at least in part, by using a spacer, such as spacer block 1700, to realign and thereby reset triggering system 1400. Spacer block 1700 may be a block of metal, plastic, or other rigid material that can substantially maintain its shape as it is compressed by pusher block 1420 and cover block 1430, as described herein.

As illustrated in FIG. 11B, a slot 1382 may be formed in housing bottom half 1380 d. Slot 1382 may optionally mate with a corresponding slot on housing top half 1380 c (FIG. 17) such that an opening is formed within housing 1380 to allow a physician or other user of apparatus 1000 to access the interior of housing 1380. Accordingly, slots 1382 may cooperate to form an opening in housing 1380. It should be appreciated, however, that it is not necessary that slot 1382 be formed in both housing halves 1380 c, 1380 d and that in some embodiments slot 1382 may be formed in only one housing half to act individually as an opening into housing 1380.

As illustrated in FIG. 11B, after carrier block 1410 and pusher block 1420 have been moved in the proximal direction, a gap may be created between the distal end of pusher block 1420 and the proximal end of cover block 1430. After the gap is created between pusher bock 1420 and cover block 1430, spacer block 1700 may be inserted at least partially into housing 1380 through slot 1328, and such that it is positioned in the gap between cover block 1430 and pusher block 1420. Spacer block 1700 may extend partially into housing 1380 until it comes into contact with a pusher member 1320, which prevents further insertion of spacer block 1700.

Slot 1382 is, in the illustrated embodiment, formed within handle 1391 in bottom housing half 1380d, and cooperates with triggering system 1400 when triggering system 1400 is in its distal-most position. Once spacer block 1700 is positioned within slot 1382 and within housing 1380, a distally directed force may be applied to carrier member 1410 thereby causing carrier member 1410 and pusher member 1420 to move distally. As illustrated in FIG. 11C, as the distally directed force is applied to carrier member 1410, the distal end of pusher member 1420 can be pressed against the proximal end of spacer block 1700. By continuing to apply force, the bias of pusher spring 1425 can be overcome as it is compressed and potential energy stored therein. Pusher spring 1425 may be compressed such that carrier block 1410 is allowed to move to its distal-most position and, optionally, locks into place.

As carrier block 1410 moves into its distal most position, spacer block 1700 maintains a gap between cover block 1430 and pusher block 1420. The maintained gap may be the same size, or about the same size as the space that exists between cover block 1430 and pusher block 1420 when triggering system is in its distal-most position prior to deployment of a closure element. In this manner, as pusher spring 1425 is fully compressed, the proximal end of pusher block 1420 may be pressed against the distal end of carrier block 1410. Moreover, pusher block 1420 may be positioned such that catch 1418 can be reconnected to pusher block 1420.

As illustrated in FIG. 11C, for example, triggering system 1400 has been moved to a distal position, while spacer block 1700 maintains a gap between cover block 1430 and pusher block 1420. Catch 1418, which may remain connected to carrier block 1410, may then be realigned and reconnected to pusher block 1420. It should be appreciated, however, that in other embodiments, catch 1418 may be disconnected from both carrier block 1410 and pusher block 1420 or, in still other embodiments, may remain connected to only pusher block 1420.

As carrier block 1410 is moved into position proximate pusher block 1420, catch 1418 can then be moved into grooves formed on pusher block 1420 which are configured to retain pusher block proximate carrier block 1410. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, catch 1418 is a U-shaped piece of metal, plastic or other rigid material that engages a groove on the surface of carrier block 1410 and a second groove formed on the surface of pusher block 1420.

In one embodiment, catch 1418 is maintained in an inclined position with respect to carrier block 1410 such that catch 1418 does not interfere with the movement of carrier block 1410 as it is positioned against pusher block 1420. Thereafter, a pin 1710 or other suitable device can be used to press the distal end of catch 1418 into the grooves on the surface of pusher block 1420. For instance, in one embodiment, pin 1710 may be extended through a catch access opening 1350 (FIG. 17) in a housing top half 1380 c (FIG. 17) which mates with housing bottom half 1380 d. In this manner, pin 1710 can cause catch 1418 to engage pusher block 1420 even when the interior of apparatus 1000 is not open, such as when apparatus 100 is substantially closed off by housing top and bottom halves 1380 c-d.

It should be appreciated, however, that in alternative embodiments, catch 1418 may not remain inclined as illustrated in FIG. 11B, but may instead be substantially horizontal with respect to carrier block 1410. Accordingly, as the distal end of carrier block 1410 approaches the proximal end of pusher block 1420, catch 1418 could interfere with the distal movement of carrier block 1410. In such alternative embodiments, pusher block 1420 may have a ramp 1421 on its proximal end. Consequently, as carrier block 1410 presses catch 1418 against pusher block 1420, ramp 1421 can allow catch 1418 to incline and slide over the top surface of pusher block 1420 and into the corresponding grooves.

Once catch 1418 has been reset and reconnected to pusher block 1420 and carrier block 1410, such that catch 1418 is in a pre-deployment condition, spacer block 1700 may be removed from housing 1380 through slot 1382. Thereafter, a proximally directed force can be applied to triggering system 1400, thereby allowing triggering system 1400 to move proximally to a pre-deployment position, such as that illustrated in FIG. 11D. In embodiments in which triggering system 1400 is locked into a distal position, it should be appreciated in light of the disclosure herein, that triggering system 1400 can be selectably released from the locked condition in any manner described herein. Moreover, as illustrated in FIG. 11D, once triggering system 1400 is moved proximally, it can be moved back into a pre-deployment, proximal position similar to the position and condition of apparatus 100 as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3A.

Turning now to FIGS. 12A-13, exemplary tools usable to reset an apparatus, such as apparatus 1000 of FIGS. 11A-D, are described. In FIGS. 12A and 12B, for example, an exemplary reset tool 2000 is illustrated which is configured to release any of a variety of types of snap fits. For example, reset tool 2000 can be configured to re-secure catch 1418 (FIG. 11C) to pusher block 1420 (FIG. 11C), to release snap fit between locking tabs 1415 (FIG. 11A) and slots 1412 (FIG. 11A), or to release locking flexible arms 384 a, 384 b (FIG. 1B) which engage and secure an introducer sheath 640 (FIG. 1A).

As discussed previously, locking tabs 1414 and slots 1415 can mate so as to form an interlocking feature which restricts motion of carrier block 1410 (FIG. 11C). In a similar manner, flexible arms 384 a, 384 b, which can be positioned at the distal end 380 b (FIG. 1A) of housing 380 (FIG. 1A), can flex outwardly to create a snap fit which locks another component, such as introducer sheath 640 (FIG. 1A), within housing 380. In particular, according to one example embodiment, as introducer sheath 640 moves into an opening at distal end 380 b of housing 380, introducer sheath 680 can engage flexible arms 383 a, 383 b thereby causing them to expand outwardly, where they can then fit into a groove 642 (FIG. 1A) on introducer sheath 640. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, additional components may be used in addition to the tabs, slots, flexible arms, and grooves described herein to create a snap fit between components, without affecting the function thereof.

A snap fit may be used to mechanically join two or more parts by interlocking features. In one example, such as that illustrated in FIG. 14A, a pair of arms 2500 may extend from a housing 2510. Arms 2500 may be flexible such that they can be moved as an interlocking component such as hub 2530 is inserted through a distal opening 2520 in housing 2510. By way of example, hub 2530 may form all or a portion of an introducer sheath or triggering system within or connected to apparatus 100 (FIGS. 1-8) or apparatus 1000 (FIGS. 11A-D). Hub 2530 may include a proximal end 2550 which may be wider than the distance between the proximal ends of flexible arms 2500. As hub 2510 is inserted through distal opening 2520, and moved proximally, proximal end region 2550 of hub 2530 may thus engage flexible arms 2500 and cause them to flex outwardly.

Hub 2530 may also include a groove 2540 or other feature configured to mate with arms 2500. At groove 2540, the diameter of hub 2530 may be less than the diameter of proximal end 2550 and can have a diameter about equal to or less than the original distance between the proximal ends of flexible arms 2500. In this manner, as hub 2530 is moved proximally, flexible arms 2500 may align with groove 2540, which may then allow flexible arms 2500 to flex inwardly and return to an original or near original position. As illustrated in FIG. 14A, movement of hub 2530 in the distal direction is then substantially inhibited by the arms 2500 which effectively lock hub 2530 to prevent its removal through distal opening 2520. Accordingly, FIG. 14A illustrates an exemplary snap fit in which inward flexure of flexible arms 2500 locks hub 2530 to housing 2510.

An alternative embodiment of a snap fit is illustrated in FIG. 14B, in which features are interlocked by the outward flexure of flexible arms. In FIG. 14B, a pair of flexible arms 2600 each have an outwardly extending tab 2610 mating with slots 2520 formed in a housing 2525. Arms 2600 and tabs 2610 are illustrative of an exemplary locking feature which may be used in connection with a triggering system, carrier block, introducer sheath, or other feature of apparatus 100 (FIGS. 1-8) or apparatus 1000 (FIGS. 11A-D).

To obtain the illustrated, locked position, flexible arms 2600 can be moved in either a proximal or distal direction toward slots 2520. Flexible arms 2610 may have an internal biasing force which causes a natural distance between tabs 1610 to be greater than the diameter of channel 2640. Accordingly, flexible arms 2600 flex inwardly as they move along the internal surface of housing 2525. Slots 2620 are formed on the internal surface of housing 2525. When tabs 2610 are moved along the internal surface of housing 2630 and are aligned with slots 2620, flexible arms 2600 are allowed to flex outwardly and tabs 2610 expand into slots 2620. Accordingly, slots 2620 may have a depth sufficient to allow expansion of flexible arms 2600 and may allow flexible arms to expand to their natural state. As flexible arms 2600 expand and tabs 2610 fill in slots 2620, an interlocking latch is formed, thereby substantially preventing further movement in at least one of the proximal and distal directions.

Referring again to FIGS. 12A and 12B, reset tool 2000 may include a pair of release pins 2100 a, 2100 b adapted to release an inward and/or outward flex-type snap fit, such as that described with respect to FIG. 1A and FIGS. 11A and 11B. Release pins 2100 a, 2100 b project from reset tool 2000 and may be configured to selectively engage or otherwise cause flexible members within a snap fit to flex outwardly or inwardly in a manner that will release the snap fit by releasing mating features within the lock fit. Release pins 2100 a, 2100 b may, for example, be configured to move and/or pivot such that they can articulate inwardly and/or outwardly. Inward or outward movement of release pins 2100 a, 2100 b may then be used to cause flexible arms in a snap fit to correspondingly flex inwardly or outwardly so as to release an interlocking component.

In the illustrated embodiment, for example, each release pin can include a proximal end 2160 adapted to facilitate movement of a distal end 2170 which may engage and selectively release snap fit components. Distal end 2170 is, in this embodiment, tapered and has a distal diameter that allows distal end 2170 to be placed within a void within interlocking components. For example, to release a snap fit, distal ends 2170 may be placed in the void within the illustrated snap fits at the position of pins 2100 illustrated in FIGS. 14A and 14B.

To release the snap fit components, release pins 2100 a, 2100 b may then cause flexible snap fit components to flex inwardly or outwardly, as necessary. To cause inward or outward flexure, each release pin 2100 a, 2100 b may pivot such that it can articulate and alternately move in opposite directions. Release pin 2100 a may, for example, pivot about pivot 2150 such that proximal end 2160 of release pin 2100 a moves substantially along arrow A. For example, force can be applied to release pin 2100 a to cause it to move in the direction of arrow A. When the force is released, or when an opposite force is applied, proximal end 2160 of release pin 2100 a can move in a direction opposite arrow A, and move back to the illustrated position. Similarly, a force may be applied to release pin 2100 b moving it along arrow B, and the removal of that force, or the application of an opposite force, can move release pin 2100 b back to the illustrated position.

Release pins 2100 a, 2100 b may be configured to pivot at any position along their length. For example, pivot 2150 may be located a point between distal ends 2170 and proximal ends 2160. In such an embodiment, as proximal ends 2160 of release pins 2100 a, 2100 b are compressed, thereby causing them to move substantially along arrows A and B, respectively, distal ends 2170 of release pins 2100 a, 2100 b move in substantially opposite directions along arrows A′ and B′, respectively. In this manner, by compressing proximal ends 2160 in the directions of arrows A and B, distal ends 2170 are caused to expand, and proximal ends 2160 are caused to contract, from the positions illustrated in FIG. 12A to the positions illustrated in FIG. 12B.

As will be appreciated in light of the disclosure herein, the expansion of distal ends 2170 can cause a corresponding outward flexure of flexible elements in a snap fit locking system. For example, FIG. 15A illustrates the snap fit of FIG. 14A in which the distal ends of pins 2100 have been moved outwardly, such as by the articulation of reset pins 2100 a, 2100 b. Pins 2100 each contact the interior surface of flexible arms 2500 such that as pins 2100 move outwardly, they engage flexible arms 2500 and also cause them to flex outwardly. With sufficient outward movement by pins 2100, flexible arms 2500 can be caused to move out of groove 2540 such that they no longer restrict the distally directed movement of hub 2530. Hub 2530 may then be freely moved in the distal direction and flexible arms 2500 can pass along the exterior of proximal end 2550 of hub 2530 without locking hub 2530 to housing 2510.

In a similar manner, reset tool 2100 may be used to release the snap fit illustrated in FIG. 14B. For example, reset tool 2100 may have an initial position such as that illustrated in FIG. 12B. By moving proximal ends 2160 of reset pins 2100 a, 2100 b outwardly, in directions opposite arrows A and B, distal ends may correspondingly move inward, in directions opposite arrows A′ and B′, and may move to a position similar to that illustrated in FIG. 14A. As shown in FIG. 15B, a snap fit may also be released by the inward movement of distal ends 2170. For example, FIG. 15B illustrates a snap fit in which the distal ends of pins 2100 engage the outer surface of tabs 2610. Consequently, as pins 2100 move inwardly, they in turn can cause tabs 2610 to move inwardly, thereby also causing flexible arms 2600 to flex inwardly. As tabs 2610 move inwardly, they may be removed from within slots 2620, thereby allowing distal or proximal movement of a triggering system, carrier block, or other locked feature along the internal surface of housing 2525.

Now referring to FIG. 12B, it will be seen that in some embodiments reset tool 2100 may include a biasing mechanism such as pivot springs 2075 to maintain an equilibrium position of articulating release pins 2100 a, 2100 b. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, reset pins 2100 a, 2100 b are connected to a housing 2050 in which pivots 2150 are located. Within housing 2050 a spring post 2080 can be positioned to which pivot springs 2075 are coupled. Each pivot spring 2075 may also be connected to one of pins 2100 a, 2100 b.

Pivot springs 2075 may have a neutral, equilibrium state in which pins 2100 a, 2100 b are maintained and can extend into the voids of various snap fits in a closure element delivery apparatus. Thereafter, as pressure is applied to pins 2100 a, 2100 b, thereby causing them to pivot about pivots 2150, pivot springs 2075 can store potential energy as they expand and retract. Upon release of the pressure on pins 2100 a, 2100 b, the potential energy can then be released and pins 2100 a, 2100 b can return to an original position in which pivot springs 2075 are in a neutral state.

Although FIG. 12B illustrates a plurality of pivot springs 2075 as a biasing mechanism, it should be appreciated in light of the disclosure herein that this is merely one exemplary embodiment of a biasing mechanism, and any suitable biasing mechanism can be used in operation with a reset tool, such as reset tool 2000. For example, in some embodiments a single spring may be connected between pins 2100 a, 2100 b. In still other embodiments, the biasing member may include any other type of resilient member or mechanical device for biasing pins 2100 a, 2100 b. In still other embodiments, no biasing mechanism is used in connection with pins 2100 a, 2100 b.

FIG. 13 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a reset tool 3000 which may be used to reset a closure element delivery apparatus such as apparatus 1000 (FIGS. 11A-D). In the illustrated embodiment, reset tool 3000 may include a pair of reset pins 3100 configured to selectably flex flexure components within a snap fit, and in a manner that releases interlocking components of the snap fit. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, reset pins 3100 have tapered distal ends 3110 adapted to cause a flexible arm to expand outward.

Reset pins 3100 may be spaced apart a distance about equal to the distance of a pair of flexible arms within a snap fit feature in a closure element delivery apparatus. Reset pins 3100 may then be inserted through openings or windows in the housing and into slots or grooves within a snap feature. In FIG. 14A, for example, the distal tips on distal ends 3110 of reset pins 3100 may be inserted into the snap fit into the illustrated position of pins 2100. The tapered portion of reset pins 3100 contacts the internal surface of the distal end of flexible arms 2500. As reset pins 3100 are extended deeper into the snap fit, the size of the distal ends of reset pins 3100 that is in contact with flexible arms 2500 increases. Accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 16A, the tapered portion of reset pins 3100 acts as a lever which causes flexible arms 2500 to flex outward, thereby releasing hub 2530 from the snap fit.

While reset pins 3100 are illustrated as having an external taper for causing a flexible arm in a snap fit to extend outward, it should be appreciated that an internal taper may also be used to cause flexible arms of a snap fit to flex inwardly to release a snap fit. For instance, an internally tapered portion of a distal end of a reset pin may be inserted into the position of pins 2100 in FIG. 14B. The internal taper can contact the outer surface of tabs 2610 and, as the reset pins are inserted deeper into slot 2620, they may also act as a lever causing tabs 2610 and flexible arms 2600 to substantially simultaneously flex inwardly as illustrated in FIG. 16B.

While the foregoing discussion with respect to FIGS. 14A-16B describes positioning release pins of a reset tool within a groove or slot to release a snap fit, it will be appreciated that the reset tool can be positioned in any other location which allows the reset tool to release the snap fit, and is not limited to being positioned as illustrated in FIGS. 14A-16B. For example, in other embodiments, pins 2100 (FIGS. 14B and 15B) and 3100 (FIG. 16B) can be positioned between flexible arms 2600 and housing 2525 and move inwardly, thereby causing flexible arms 2600 to move inwardly and release tabs 2610 from slots 2620. Similarly, pins 2100 (FIGS. 14A and 15A) and 3100 (FIG. 16A) can be positioned at any location along flexible arms 2500. As pins 2100, 3100 move outwardly, flexible arms 2500 can correspondingly move outwardly to release hub 2530 from housing 2510.

Referring again to FIG. 13, it can be seen that reset pins 3100 may be fixed to and/or at least partially enclosed within a housing block 3130. Housing block 3130 can be attached to reset pins 3100 at proximal ends 3120 of reset pins 3100. Housing block 3130 may be useful for a variety of reasons. By way of example and not representation, housing block may allow a user to more easily handle and manipulate reset pins 3100 as they are inserted into and removed from the housing of a vascular closure element delivery apparatus. In addition, housing block 3130 may be configured to allow reset pins 3100 to retract therein. Alternatively, or in addition thereto, housing block 3130 can be adapted to allow reset pins 3100 to selectably rotate around a longitudinal axis of each of reset pins 3100 to allow tapered distal ends 3100 to selectively be changed between an internal taper for compressing flexible arms of a snap fit, and an external taper for expanding flexible arms of a snap fit.

In addition, housing block 3130 may be adapted to further allow use of reset tool 3100 as a multifunctional device. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, housing block 3130 may be coupled to an additional pin 1710 usable to reset a delivery device such as apparatus 1000 (FIGS. 11A-D). By way of example, pin 1710 may used as described in with respect to FIG. 11C, and extended through the housing of a vascular closure element delivery apparatus and used to press a catch into position to reset the catch to a pre-deployment state.

In addition, housing block 3130 may be adapted to retain or otherwise facilitate use of a spacer block to reset the delivery apparatus to a pre-deployment condition. For instance, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13, a spacer groove 3140 is formed in an external surface of housing block 3130. Groove 3140 is sized so as to allow a spacer block 1700 to be slideably received within groove 3140 and releasably secured therein. Groove 3140 may, for example, be sized to allow an interference fit between housing block 3130 and spacer block 1700. In another embodiment, raised portions 3150 may be formed within groove 3140 to securely and/or frictionally secure spacer block 1700 within spacer groove when desired by a user.

Although apparatus 1000 (FIGS. 11A-D) may be similar in function and operation to apparatus 100 (FIGS. 1-8), it should be appreciated in light of the disclosure herein that some modifications may be made to apparatus 100 to support the methods and tools described herein. For example, as described above carrier block 410 may, in some embodiments, be modified to have a chamfered tabs 1415 so as to allow carrier block 410 to be moved in a proximal direction and released from a snap fit with slots 211. Alternatively, or in addition thereto, pusher block 420 may be modified to include a ramp such that after deployment of a closure device, catch member 418 can be repositioned on pusher block 420.

In addition, housing 380 of apparatus 100 may be modified to accommodate the use of reset tools such as, but not limited to, reset tools 2000 and 3000. For example, FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary housing top half 1380 c for use with apparatus 1000 (FIGS. 11A-D) which has been modified from housing top half 380 c (FIG. 1A). In FIG. 17, housing top half 1380 c includes various features to allow access to the interior of housing 1380 without requiring that housing top half 1380 c or housing bottom half 1380 d (FIGS. 11A-D) be removed. For example, housing top half 1380 may include two carrier block access holes 1381.

Carrier block access holes 1381 may be aligned with slots 1412 (FIG. 11A) in housing bottom half 380 d (FIG. 11A). As a result, if carrier block 1410 (FIG. 11A) is moved into a distal position and locked by using tabs 1414 (FIG. 11A) or some other locking device, a physician or other user of apparatus 1000 can have access to the locking device without removing a portion of housing 1830. For instance, a reset tool such as reset tool 2000 or 3000 may be inserted into carrier block access holes 1381 and used as described herein. In particular, a reset pin may be inserted into each access hole 1381 to engage and flex a flexible member. By way of example, tabs 1414 (FIG. 11A) may flex outwardly to lock with slots 1415 (FIG. 11A). Reset tool 2000 or 3000 may, therefore be inserted into access holes and synchronously flex tabs 1414 inwardly, thereby unlocking each of tabs 1414 in a substantially simultaneous manner and thereby releasing carrier block 1410 from housing 1380.

In some embodiments housing top half 1380 c may additionally or in the alternative include windows 383 which provide access to a locking feature. For example, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 17, a set of flexible arms 384, which are illustrated in phantom lines, are formed on an internal surface of housing top half 1380 c, and can be used to lock an introducer sheath to housing 1380. A reset tool such as reset tool 2000 or 3000 may be inserted into windows 383 and used in a manner as described herein. For instance, release pins on reset tool 2000 or 3000 may engage flexible arms within the deployment apparatus housing which lock an introducer sheath in place. The release pins can then be used to expand the flexible arms, thereby releasing them from the introducer sheath and allowing the introducer sheath to be removed without removing any portion of the deployment apparatus housing.

The removal of the introducer sheath may be desirable for a variety or reasons. For instance, after apparatus 1000 has been connected to the introducer sheath, it may become desirable or necessary to remove the introducer, such as to discontinue a closure element installation in the case a complication is discovered. By inserting a reset tool into properly aligned windows, the deployment apparatus can be removed from the introducer sheath and the steps necessary to address the complication can be taken.

In some embodiments a deployment device may have a blade or sheath cutter which cuts the introducer sheath during deployment of a closure element. In such a case, it may also be desirable to later remove the cut introducer sheath either to later re-use the deployment apparatus to install a closure element, or to use the delivery apparatus as a demonstration tool to illustrate the manner in which the tool can be connected to an introducer sheath and/or used to install a closure element.

Reset tool 2000 and/or 3000 may be configured for use with one or both of windows 383 and/or access holes 1381. For example, reset tools 2000 and 3000 can be adapted for use with an apparatus 1000 and have reset pins that are properly spaced for alignment within windows 383 and/or access holes 1381. In some embodiments the distance between windows 383 and the distance between access holes 1381 may be about equal, thereby allowing the same reset tool 2000 or 3000 to be used to unlock either snap fit.

In addition, reset tools 2000 and 3000 can further be adapted to mate with housing bottom half 1380c. For instance, as illustrated in FIG. 17, housing block 3130 of reset tool 3000 can include a contour 2200 adjacent reset pins 3100. Contour 2200 of reset tool 3000 can approximately match the contour of the outer surface of housing bottom half 1380c. Contour 2200 can thus allow a user to easily insert reset tool 3000 the proper depth into housing bottom half 1380 c. For instance, as reset pins 3100 of reset tool 3000 are inserted into windows 383 and/or access holes 1381, when contour 2200 of housing block 3130 contacts the external surface of housing bottom half 1380 c, reset pins 3100 may be properly aligned and inserted at the proper depth such that they are engaging and causing flexure of flexible members within housing 1380, thereby allowing the user to unlock the respective snap fit.

With continued reference to FIG. 17, it can be seen that housing top half 1380 c can also include a catch access opening 1350 which may be used to reset a catch member such that it properly engages within the triggering system For instance, access opening 1350 may be positioned within housing top half 1380 such as that it matches the positioning of catch 1418 (FIG. 11C) within a triggering system 1400 (FIG. 11C). For instance, as described with respect to FIG. 11C, access opening 1350 may be aligned in housing top half 1380 such that when catch 1418, triggering system 1400 and/or carrier block 1410 are in a distal position, catch access opening 1350 (FIG. 17) is aligned with a portion of catch 1418 so as to allow pin 1710 (FIG. 17) to be passed through housing top half 1380 c (FIG. 17), where it can cause catch 1418 to reconnect with pusher block 1420 or some other portion of triggering system 1400.

Referring again to FIG. 17, it will be appreciated that although the housing top half 1380 c has been discussed with regard to the manner of modifying apparatus 100 to allow it to be resettable, it is not necessary that apparatus 100 be modified after manufacture and/or deployment of a vascular closure element. In some embodiments, for example, the modifications are made in a design stage and/or during manufacture of the deployment apparatus by, for example, molding or otherwise forming components having the discussed modifications. In other embodiments, however, modifications to apparatus 100 are made after manufacture and/or deployment of a vascular closure element. Post-deployment modification may be a desirable feature where, for example, it is desired to use the deployment apparatus as a demonstration tool, but the apparatus was not manufactured with modifications to enable the apparatus to be easily reset without breaking the apparatus apart each time it is to be reset. In such a case, the apparatus can be disassembled and modified as described, and thereafter reassembled such that it can be reset multiple times without the need to later disassemble the apparatus.

The methods and tools described herein are also not limited to apparatus 100 and 1000 illustrated and described herein, but are susceptible for use with a as variety of other closure element deployment apparatus. For example, and by way of representation and not limitation, the methods and tools herein can be used in connection with apparatus described and illustrated in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/356,214, 10/638,115, and 11/427,297, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Such apparatuses may susceptible to use in connection with the various tools and methods described herein either without modification or with modifications similar to those discussed herein with respect to apparatus 100 (FIGS. 1-8)

The invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative means, and specific examples thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not to be limited to the particular devices or methods disclosed, but to the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the claims. 

We claim:
 1. An apparatus for delivering a closure element to an opening formed in a wall of a body lumen, the apparatus comprising: a closure device configured to deliver a closure element and receive an externally inserted reset member and an externally inserted spacer selectively engageable with a portion of said closure device to reset said closure device, said closure device comprising: a locator assembly having a distal end region extendable into an opening formed in a wall of a body lumen, said distal end region selectably contacting said wall of said body lumen; a carrier assembly coupled with said locating assembly, said carrier assembly being adapted to retain a closure element; a resettable triggering system coupled to and extending from said carrier assembly, said trigging system being movable toward said distal end region to advance the carrier assembly toward said distal end region; said reset member; said spacer; and a housing receiving at least a portion of said resettable triggering system within said housing, said housing having a longitudinal slot configured to slidably receive at least a portion of said resettable triggering system a second longitudinal slot through said housing configured to receive a portion of said spacer, and a reset member opening separate from said longitudinal slot and said second longitudinal slot and through said housing, said reset member opening configured to receive a portion of said reset member to selectively engage with a portion of said resettable triggering system to reset said triggering system.
 2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, said locator assembly being adapted to selectively control said distal end region of said locator assembly between an expanded state and an unexpanded state.
 3. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said housing receives said locator assembly, said carrier assembly and said triggering system.
 4. The apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein said housing is further adapted to receive and selectively lock an introducer sheath to said housing by using a flexible snap fit.
 5. The apparatus as recited in claim 3, further comprising a flexible snap fit for locking said triggering system with respect to said housing.
 6. The apparatus as recited in claim 5, wherein said flexible snap fit is chamfered to be selectively releasable from said housing as said triggering system is moved toward said proximal end region.
 7. The apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein said triggering system comprises a slider, a pusher member for deploying said closure element, and a catch, said catch retaining said pusher member proximate said slider when said catch is in a locked position, said pusher member being spaced apart from said slider when said catch is released from said locked position.
 8. The apparatus as recited in claim 7, further comprising a cover member for retaining said closure element and said carrier member, said cover member comprising a cover block spaced apart from said pusher member, and said spacer maintains a spacing between said pusher member and said cover block.
 9. The apparatus as recited in claim 7, wherein said reset member opening is aligned with said catch when said catch is in a distal-most position. 